By Stephen Lendman
23 April, 2010
For many years, Israel's
open secret is that it's one of eight known nuclear powers, including
America and Russia with about 97% of the world's arsenal according to
Helen Caldicott in her book Nuclear Power Is Not the Answer. The
others are Britain, France, China, India, Pakistan, and Israel - North
Korea a declared but unverified one.
In her January 20, 2009 Canadian Medical Association
Journal article titled, "Obama and the opportunity to eliminate nuclear
weapons" Caldicott wrote:
"The Cold War is over, but the threat of nuclear war
is not. Little progress has been made since 1989 when the Berlin Wall
collapsed. In fact, the threat of nuclear annihilation has escalated. In
1972, when 5 nuclear nations....signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty,
they agreed to rapidly disarm. They have done the opposite," resulting
in a greater than ever threat, the Pentagon's new Nuclear Posture Review
and US-Russia deal doing nothing to reverse it.
See
http://sjlendman.blogspot.com/2010/04/obamas-brave-nuke-world.html.
In his 1991 book, "The Samson Option: Israel's
Nuclear Arsenal and America Foreign Policy," Seymour Hersh discussed its
strategy to launch a massive nuclear counterattack if it felt its
existence threatened, the stark message being the next regional war may
be nuclear.
In his 1997 book, "Open Secrets: Israeli Nuclear and
Foreign Policies," Israel Shahak said that, helped by the Israeli Lobby
(and Christian Zionists), "Israel (is) clearly prepar(ing) itself to
seek overtly a hegemony over the entire Middle East (with no)
hesitati(on) to use for the purpose all means available, including
nuclear ones."
Shahak also explained that Israel regards "the
launching of missiles (onto its territory) as 'nonconventional'
regardless of whether they are equipped with explosives or poison gas."
In turn, Israel's nuclear doctrine dictates that a "nonconventional"
attack requires one in response, meaning a nuclear one, the foundation
of its grand strategy, according to Shahak.
According to Hebrew University's Professor of
Military History Martin Van Creveld, "We have the capability to take the
world down with us. And I can assure you (it) will happen before Israel
goes under."
Israel maintains a double standard. It won't let
another Middle East state acquire nuclear weapons, but will never give
up its own or the right to use them preemptively.
Background on Israel's Nuclear Development
It began with its 1948 founding, David Ben-Gurion
(Israel's first prime minister) having told Ehud Avriel, a European
operative and later MK, to recruit East European Jewish scientists who
could "either increase the capacity to kill masses or to cure masses;
both are important."
One was Avraham Marcus Klingberg, later an Israeli
chemical and biological weapons (CBW) expert and deputy director of the
Israel Institute of Biological Research in Ness Ziona, south of Tel
Aviv. More on Israel's CBW program below.
Another was Ernst David Bergmann, "father of the
Israeli bomb" in charge of the Israeli Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC).
Ben-Gurion was determined to have a "nuclear option" and other
"non-conventional" weapons (WMDs) to counter the Arabs' numerical
advantage. In his farewell address to the Israeli Armaments Development
Authority (RAFAEL), Ben-Gurion defended the strategy saying:
"I am confident, based not only on what I heard
today, that our science can provide us with the weapons that are needed
to deter our enemies from waging war against us."
Ben-Gurion and later prime minister Shimon Peres
became the leading forces behind Israel's nuclear and CBWs programs.
In the late 1940s, Israel and France began
collaborating, at the time the IDF Science Corps searched the Negev
desert for recoverable uranium. In 1952, the IAEC was established. The
Dimona Nuclear Research Center/reactor was secretly completed in 1964
near Bersheeba in the Negev - a heavy water moderated, natural uranium
reactor/plutonium reprocessing plant to make nuclear weapons. Designed
as a 24 megawatt facility, its cooling system had far more capacity than
needed, none for electrical generation, and its plutonium reprocessing
capability signified an intent to produce nuclear weapons.
After the 1967 Six Day War, Defense Minister Moshe
Dayan ordered full-scale production, averaging 4 - 12 bombs per year. US
presidents since Lyndon Johnson supported the program. At the same
time, it's believed testing took place in the Negev, jointly with France
in Algeria, later in the Indian Ocean, and perhaps elsewhere.
By the early 1970s, Israel had advanced nuclear
technology, world class scientists, and several dozen bombs ready to
launch. Today it's believed it has hundreds and a delivery system able
to hit distant targets accurately.
Earlier, with inadequate uranium supplies, it
acquired some clandestinely, and by the late 1960s through close
collaboration with South Africa - supplying technological expertise in
return for the needed material, the arrangement lasting until apartheid
ended in the early 1990s.
France and South Africa were Israel's main
collaborators, but also America by going along, staying silent to this
day, and initially providing a 5 megawatt highly enriched uranium
research reactor as part of Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" program.
According to journalist Mark Gaffney, Israel's program "was possible
only because of (its) calculated deception....and willing complicity on
the part of the US."
Israeli scientists were trained at US universities
and had access to domestic weapons labs. Since the early 1970s, advanced
technology transfers were made, including supercomputers able to design
sophisticated nuclear weapons and delivery systems. Mordechai Vanunu's
mid-1980s documented revelations provided proof.
Mordechai Vanunu - Heroic
Whistleblower/Victim of Israeli Retaliatory Viciousness
A Dimona nuclear technician, he smuggled out dozens
of photos and scientific documents, published by the London Sunday Times
on October 5, 1986, headlined:
"Revealed - the secrets of Israel's nuclear
arsenal/Atomic technician Mordechai Vanunu reveals secret weapons
production," saying:
"THE SECRETS of a subterranean factory engaged in
the manufacture of Israeli nuclear weapons have been uncovered by the
Sunday Times Insight team.
Hidden beneath the Negev desert, the factory has
been producing nuclear atomic warheads for the last 20 years. Now it has
almost certainly begun manufacturing thermo-nuclear weapons, with
yields big enough to destroy entire cities."
The Times named Vanunu as its source, having worked
at Dimona for nearly 10 years in "Machon 2 - a top secret, underground
bunker built to provide the vital components necessary for weapons
production...."
Nuclear experts examined Vanunu's documents, called
them genuine, and concluded that Israel's sophisticated technology
enabled it "to build up a formidable nuclear arsenal."
According to Theodore Taylor, a world expert at the
time:
"There should no longer be any doubt that Israel is,
and for at least a decade has been, a fully-fledged nuclear weapons
state....considerably more advanced than (earlier) indicated...."
Other top nuclear scientists agreed - Israel was,
and today is, a world nuclear power, possessing sophisticated technology
and weapons. Vanunu's revelations cost him dearly. On October 12, 1986,
The Times headlined his September 30 disappearance, five days before
his story broke.
Mossad lured him to Rome, then beat, drugged, and
kidnapped him. He was secretly tried in 1986-87, and sentenced to 18
years in prison for espionage and treason - in harsh isolated
confinement in a six square meter cell.
Released in 2004, his behavior and movements were
restricted. As a result, harassing arrests followed after giving foreign
journalists interviews and trying to leave Israel. He said he suffered
"cruel and barbaric treatment" in prison, no surprise since torture is
official Israeli policy, usually for Palestinians, but for anyone
security services target.
On July 2, 2007, Vanunu was again imprisoned for six
month for speaking to foreign journalists, later reduced to three
months by the Jerusalem District Court "In light of (his) ailing health
and the absence of claims that his actions put the country's security in
jeopardy."
Daniel Ellsberg called him "the preeminent hero of
the nuclear era." He says "I am neither a traitor nor a spy, I only
wanted the world to know what was happening." On December 28, 2009, he
was arrested again following his alleged meeting with his girlfriend, a
Norwegian national, then transferred to house arrest.
On April 14, 2010, Vanunu said "The restrictions,
not to leave the country for one more year (were) renewed. Now 7 years
since my release AFTER 18 years in Israel PRISON."
He was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize each year
from 1988 - 2004. In March 2009, he asked the Nobel Committee to remove
his name from consideration, and in February 2010 again declined the
honor, most often given war criminals.
In 1979, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award,
the alternative Nobel Prize, "for outstanding vision and work on behalf
of our planet and its people," and in 2001, Norway's University of
Tromsoe honored him as a Doctor Honoris Causa (History).
John Steinbach on Israel's Nuclear Program
In 2009, The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies
and Research (ECSSR- nuclearfiles.org) published Steinbach's paper
titled, "The Israeli Nuclear Weapons Program," saying:
"With several hundred weapons and a robust delivery
system, Israel has quietly supplanted Britain as the world's fifth
largest nuclear power, and now rivals France and China in terms of the
size of its nuclear arsenal," despite an official ambiguity about an
advanced sophisticated program. As a result, a combination of expert
analysis and whistleblower revelations provided what's known. Also
occasional slips, like in December 2006 when Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
told Germany's Sat. 1 channel:
"Iran, openly, explicitly and publicly, threatens to
wipe Israel off the map. Can you say that this is the same level, when
they are aspiring to have nuclear weapons, as America, France, Israel
and Russia?" Backtracking after a meeting with Chancellor Angela Merkel,
he said:
"Israel has said many times - and I also said this
to German television in an interview - that we will not be the first
country that introduces nuclear weapons to the Middle East....That was
our position (earlier). That is our position (now) - nothing has
changed."
Since the 1970s, Israel's official position is that
it chose "an option to produce electricity using nuclear reactors.
(This) requires promoting nuclear knowledge and research, preparing
sites suitable for building nuclear power plants," and weighing the
economic benefits.
According to Steinbach:
"Despite this claim, an exhaustive search of
publicly available sources indicates the existence of no meaningful
Israeli civilian nuclear energy program, past or present....From its
inception, the Israeli nuclear program has centered on developing a
nuclear weapons program, with any other nuclear program being
incidental."
Steinbach also cites estimates of Israel's arsenal
at "from 100 to over 400 bombs," there being "little doubt that (its)
weapons are among the world's most sophisticated, and largely designed
for war fighting." They include:
-- "boosted fission weapons and small neutron bombs,
designed to maximize deadly gamma radiation while minimizing blast
effects and long-term radiation - in essence designed to kill people
while leaving property intact;"
-- long range ballistic missiles;
-- sophisticated aircraft able to deliver a nuclear
strike;
-- cruise missiles, artillery shells, and land mines
with the same capability;
-- "In June 2000, an Israeli submarine launched a
cruise missile that hit a target 950 miles away, making Israel only the
third nation (besides) the US and Russia with that capability;"
-- Israel maintains triad strength, including
strategic bombers, ballistic missiles, and submarines, able to strike
well beyond the Middle East; and
-- overall, Israel's capability "is much greater
than any conceivable need for defensive deterrence;" like America, it's
for preemptive offense, and given both nation's belligerence, some day
they may launch them aggressively without cause, claiming, of course,
it's defensive.
According to Jane's Intelligence Review, Dimona's
reactor "is suffering severe damage from 35 years of operation,"
worrisome enough for Israeli nuclear scientists to call for its shutdown
to avert a potential catastrophe. Also at issue are internal
radiological hazards, revealed on a March 2003 BBC program with five
Dimona workers discussing the effects on their health.
Israel's Chemical and Biological Weapons
(CBW)
Israel signed the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention
(CWC) but didn't ratify it. It refused to sign the 1972 Biological
Weapons Convention (BWC), and maintains a policy of CBW ambiguity. It's
not known but believed that its Nes Tziyona Biological Institute
produces sophistical chemical and biological weapons and
state-of-the-art delivery systems.
However, in 1993, the US Congress Office of
Technology Assessment WMD proliferation assessment included Israel as a
nation having undeclared offensive chemical warfare capabilities. In
1998, former Deputy Assistant Defense Secretary Bill Richardson said:
"I have no doubt that Israel has worked on both
chemical and biological offensive things for a long time. There's no
doubt they've had stuff for years."
It's also believed it has a sophisticated BW
capability, and is likely producing, maintaining, and updating its
stockpile.
On August 7, 2006, Paola Manduca's Global Research
article headlined, "New and unknown deadly weapons used by Israeli
forces: 'direct energy weapons, chemical and/or biological agents, in a
macabre experiment of future warfare."
It referred to the summer Lebanon/Gaza offensives,
citing reports of "New and strange symptoms....reported amongst the
wounded and the dead.
Bodies with dead tissue and no apparent wounds;
'shrunken' corpses; civilians with heavy damage to lower limbs that
require amputation, which is nevertheless followed by unstoppable
necrosis (dying cells and living tissue) and death; descriptions of
extensive internal wounds with no trace of shrapnel, corpses blackened
but not burnt, and others heavily wounded that did not bleed."
On July 11, 2006, Ma'an News Service cited the
Palestinian health ministry saying Israel used a new type explosive in
Gaza, containing "toxins and radioactive materials which burn and tear
the victim's body from the inside and leave long term deformations."
On July 11, 2006, Gulf News said a Palestinian
doctor "accused Israel of using a type of chemical ammunition which
causes burns and injuries in soft tissue and cannot be traced by X-ray."
Severe internal wounds were reported.
Since the second Intifada's inception, reports cite
"unknown gas" attacks, possibly a nerve agent, anyone breathing it
losing consciousness immediately for about 24 hours with high fevers and
rigid muscles. Some needed urgent blood transfusions. Asked but not
known is whether this is chemical/and or biological warfare.
International law bans these weapons. Israel tests
new ones in conflict zones - in 2006 in Lebanon and Gaza and against
Gazans during Operation Cast Lead.
Treating the victims, Norwegian Dr. Mads Gilbert
cited white phosphorous that burns flesh to the bone. Also depleted
uranium and a new close-range explosive causing severe injuries,
including battlefield amputations. Children, he said, had their legs cut
off, abdomens sliced open, or simply killed outright.
Final Thoughts
On September 9, 2004, Haaretz (by DPA) headlined,
"ElBaradei: Israel's nuclear arms blocking Mideast peace," quoting him
from the Sydney Morning Herald saying:
Addressing Israel's nuclear arsenal must be part of a
peace process settlement. "This is not really sustainable that you have
Israel sitting with nuclear weapons capability there while everyone
else is part of the non-proliferation regime....It is a very emotional
issue in the Middle East."
While Israel maintains ambiguity and world leaders
keep mum, Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Erdogan, not shy about
confronting Israel, said this before attending Obama's nuclear summit:
"We have yet to see an international community,
which is so sensitive about Iran's nuclear program, taking a firm stance
against Israel," a notorious nuclear outlaw. "We do not want to see
nuclear armament in our region. Our policy on this issue is very clear
no matter which country has it. That could be Israel or Iran or any
other country."
On April 14 in Paris, Erdogan called Israel the
biggest threat to Middle East peace, not just because of its nuclear
arsenal, but for its disproportionate force against Palestinians. His
comments came a day after Israel compared him to Libya's Gaddafi and
Venezuela's Chavez, a sign of continued frayed relations between the two
nations, including an angry exchange with Israeli President Shimon
Peres at the January World Economic Forum.
He's now confronting Israel's nuclear threat, a real
one under its first strike doctrine to destroy the entire region if
threatened. With its history of open belligerence, the possibility is
too great to ignore, and too important not to confront given the
consequences if initiated.
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago
and can be reached at [email protected].
Also visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com
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